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Teorie relativity - jak na středoškolské úrovni rozvíjet její pochopení
Ryston, Matěj ; Dvořák, Leoš (advisor) ; Novotný, Jan (referee) ; Šlégr, Jiří (referee)
The goal of this doctoral thesis is to find and implement possible ways to facilitate secondary school students' understanding of relativity. The thesis starts with an overview of existing literature as well as ongoingstudies concerned with teachingrelativityto secondarystudents, especially in connection with possible misconceptions and other learning difficulties. Furthermore, it maps available book and internet sources on relativity in both Czech and English that students might use outside of school. A research of Czech curricular documents for upper secondaryeducationandan online surveyamonggymnasium physics teachers were used to assess the current situation of teaching relativity in these schools. Based on the mentioned research, it was decided to develop learning resources focused on General Relativity. Following an analysis of a selection of relativity textbooks on this topic, a study website for interested students as well as a teaching-learningsequence for teachers to adapt in their own teaching were developed. The development and assessment of these materials are described in detail.
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Music, time, and space in a progressive reflection of Leoš Janáček
Procházková, Jarmila
The paper focuses on that specific part of Janáček’s theory of music that deals with the relationship of music and space, thus logically including the term time as a continuum in which music takes place. Janáček found ideal study material in speech melodies (nápěvky) and in folk song, that is, in an area not touched negatively by literary (written) petrification. This enabled him to observe manifestations that originated spontaneously in rhythm and expression. The paper also deals with later reflections by Janáček of the specific connection of music with space, that is, the psychological internalization of music matter. Janáček found the theoretical explanation of folk song partly in geographical determinism. In his opinion, mesological influences determine the regionally-specific features of melody, rhythm, and other components of folk music. New philosophical and methodological influences, including Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, could be observed in Janáček’s theory in the beginning of the 1920s. The composer stopped using the term space-time, which included encoded variability and the independence of the observer. It was this subjectivity of the observer, presupposing shifts in time and thus in meaning, that became a part of Janáček’s understanding of the musical material, both in the reception phase and especially in the process of creation. This view supported Janáček’s tendency towards the tectonic concept of music structure, affirming him in his sophisticated work with time layers and consequently helping him create unique deeds in dramaturgy in the area of composing opera music.
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Model of relativistic spinning system
Slezák, Daniel ; Ledvinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Loukes Gerakopoulos, Georgios (referee)
Contrary to massive point particles, a description of extended bodies dynamics inclu- des higher mass moments, the first of which is spin. In this manner, Mathisson- Papapetrou-Dixon (MPD) equations has to be used instead of the geodesic equation to capture the more complicated evolution of the system. In this work, an extended system is represented by a set of freely moving, occasionally colliding point particles. As an aid in the construction of the model, some of these particles carry negative mass so it is possible to enclose their trajectories by elastic collisions. We then define a system's representative quantities, such as mass, momentum and spin. However, their relativistic theory requires to solve mainly the problems of parallel transport and the choice of a reference frame. Finally - from the known movement of the in- dividual particles, we can show that the whole system obeys the MPD equations. For that we use the simplification of small spacetime curvature along with a more extensive use of parallel transport instead of stress-energy tensor dynamic equation, the significance of which we limit to the behaviour of the component particles.
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Higher spin theories in three dimensions
Flandera, Aleš ; Raeymaekers, Joris (advisor) ; Procházka, Tomáš (referee)
In this thesis the theory of general relativity is rewritten into a gauge Chern- Simons theory. The vielbein formalism is used for this purpose. It is shown that the action of such a theory corresponds to the Einstein-Hilbert action. The most important properties of the Chern-Simons theory are investigated. However the aim is to extend this description of spin-2 particles to the higher spin ones. This is done through treating Lie algebra generators and their potentials. Properties of the spin-2 solution are discussed in this context. An example of higher spin solutions, so-called conical defects, is also given.
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